As the crisp November air settles in, it might seem like the gardening season is winding down. But for those of us in hardiness zones 6-7, there’s still plenty of opportunity to get some late-season planting done. While the ground isn’t as warm, there are still hardy plants and preparations that can ensure a strong start for your spring garden. Here’s a guide to what you can plant this month to make the most of the cooler weather.
1. Garlic and Shallots
Garlic and shallots are perfect for November planting. These cold-hardy bulbs do best when planted in the fall, as they need the cold winter period to develop well. Choose a sunny spot with well-drained soil, plant your garlic cloves about 2 inches deep with the pointed end up, and cover with a layer of mulch for added protection. Come spring, you’ll see them sprouting up, and by early summer, they’ll be ready to harvest.
2. Onion Sets
Onions are another crop that can benefit from a fall start. Planting onion sets now means they’ll establish roots before the ground freezes and have a head start in spring. Look for varieties suited to short days if you want a quicker harvest, and plant them about an inch deep in soil that drains well. Add a layer of mulch to keep the bulbs insulated throughout winter.
3. Cover Crops
If you’re not planning to grow any vegetables, cover crops are an excellent choice to improve your soil over winter. Consider planting winter rye, clover, or vetch. These crops prevent soil erosion, suppress weeds, and add valuable nutrients back into the soil as they decompose in spring. Cover crops are easy to plant; simply broadcast the seeds over your garden beds and lightly rake them into the soil.
4. Leafy Greens in Cold Frames or Hoop Houses
In zones 6-7, with a little extra protection, you can still grow cold-tolerant greens like spinach, kale, and Swiss chard. Using a cold frame, hoop house, or row covers can provide the extra warmth needed for these greens to keep growing despite the chill. You’ll get a steady supply of fresh, nutritious greens well into winter.
5. Spring Bulbs
While they’re not for eating, fall is still a great time to plant spring-flowering bulbs like tulips, daffodils, and crocuses. These bulbs need cold winter temperatures to bloom in the spring, and November is the last call for getting them in the ground. Plant bulbs about 2-3 times as deep as they are tall and cover with soil. Adding mulch on top will help protect them from fluctuating winter temperatures.
6. Herbs in Containers
If you’re not ready to say goodbye to fresh herbs, try growing them in containers that can be brought indoors. Rosemary, thyme, and parsley are hardy herbs that will tolerate some cool weather, and once frost hits, they can be moved indoors to extend their growing season. Keep them in a sunny window and water as needed to enjoy fresh herbs all winter long.
Final Tips for November Gardening
- Mulch Heavily: Mulch is your friend in November! It provides insulation for young plants and bulbs, retaining soil moisture and keeping the soil temperature more stable.
- Water Sparingly: While the soil should be moist, avoid overwatering as plants go dormant and need less hydration in the colder months.
- Plan Ahead: While you’re getting these late-season crops in the ground, take a moment to plan for next season’s garden. Make notes of what worked well and where you’d like to improve for spring planting.
November gardening may be chilly, but it’s an excellent way to get a head start on the next season and keep your garden productive year-round. With these hardy options, your fall planting will ensure a bountiful and beautiful start to spring!